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  1. HQNG THU NGHE NGHIEP CUA TRI THQC HIEN NAY La Thj Thu Thuy Vien Tdm ly hpc. Hiing thii cua eon ngudi ludn gan liln vdi nhQng cam xiie, tinh cam tich cue giiip ca nhan say me dd'i vdi cdng viec, la ddng luc thiie day eon ngudi khac phuc khd khan, trd ngai, hoan thanh muc tieu. Su thanh cdng trong nghl cua con ngudi phu thupc rat nhilu vao hiing thii cua eon ngudi ddi vdi cdng viec, bdi hiing thii thudng tac ddng den viec eon ngudi xae dinh muc tieu va su nd luc trong hoat ddng nghl nghiep. Tiep theo bai viei vl ddng ca thanh dat nghl nghiep cua tri thiic dang tren tap ehi Tam ly hpc sd thang 9 nam 2009, trong bai viei nay chiing tdi 66 cap den thue trang miie dp hiing thii nghl nghiep cua tri thiie trong giai doan hien nay va mdi tuang quan giiia hirng thii nghl nghiep vdi sir gan bd vdi nghl eiia tri thue. Viec phan tich dua tren sd lieu khao sat 1528 tri thiie dang lam viec trong cac linh vuc nghien ciiu khoa hpc, giang day dai hpc, quan ly xa hdi, y te, van hpc nghe thuat... tai cac thanh phd: Ha Ndi, Hue, Da NSng, Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh. Khao sat dupe tien hanh tir thang 7/2008 den thang 12/2008. L Danh gia cua tri thirc ve v| tri cua hung thii nghe nghiep trong mdi tirang quan giiJa cac yeu td thuc day ca nhan tich circ trong hoat dong nghe Tri thii'c danh gia kha cao vai trd thiie day ciia hiing thii nghl nghiep. Nd dupe xep vi tri thii ba trong sd eae ddng lue dupe nghien ciiu (xem bang 1). Ket qua nghien ciiu d bang 1 cho thay, phan Idn tri thiie cho rang ddng luc quan trpng thiie day hp tich cue trong boat ddng nghl la trong boat ddng nghl nghiep hp cd co hdi thi hien dupe nang lire va nhiing y tudng cua minh (64.5% sd ngudi lua ehpn), thdng qua dd hp khing dinh dupe vai trd, gia tri eiia ban than trong xa hdi (58.3%). Su thii vi trong cdng viec la nhan td quan trpng thu: ba giiip tri thiie tieh cue ban trong boat dpng nghl (56.5%). Cac ddng luc khac nhu nghl la phuang tien de kiem sdng hay nghl la mdt cdng viec can ed ciia mdi ngudi dupe xep vi tri tha'p ban (49.3% va 33.7%). TAPCHITAMLyHOC, Sd 10 (127), 10-2009 51
  2. Bdng 1: Ddnh gid ciia tri thuc ve cdc ddng luc thuc ddy hp tich cue trong hogt dpng nghe nghiep (%) % theo % theo ngudi Thur bac Npi dung cau tra Idi tra idi Su thii vi cua cac van di nghl nghiep 21.3 56.5 3 MPi ngudi can cd mpt nghl va phai lam 12.7 33.7 5 Nghl nghiep la phuong tien de kiem sdng 18.5 49.3 4 Nghl nghiep la phuong tien giiip tu khang 21.9 58.3 2 dinh ban than Nghe nghiep la phuong tien de thuc hien 24.3 64.5 1 nang luc va nhung y tudng cua minh Khac 1.3 3.6 6 Tong 100.0 265.8 So sanh giiia eae nhdm tudi va nhdm nghl nghiep khac nhau, ket qua nghien cuu cho thay ed su khac biet ed y nghia vl mat thdng ke. Cu thi la: Theo tieu chi nghe nghiep: - Nhung ngudi lam viec trong linh vuc nghien cuu khoa hoc xa hpi danh gia cao ddng luc thiie day cua hiing thii do cac van dl trong ITnh vuc ehuyen mdn tao ra nhat (67.6% sd ngudi khang dinh, trong khi 66, ty le tuong ling trong nhdm nhung ngudi lam trong linh vuc khoa hpc tu nhien va giang day dai hpc la khoang 60.0% va trong nhdm nhirng ngudi lam trong linh vuc van hoa nghe thuat va quan ly xa hdi la khoang 50.0%). - Nhung tri thiic trong linh vue nghien ciiu khoa hpc tu nhien, khoa hpc ung dung lai quan tam nhilu nhat den ca hdi dupe thi hien nang luc va y tudng trong boat ddng nghl nghiep (khoang 67% sd ngudi lua ehpn), ke den la nhirng tri thiie lam trong linh vue giang day dai hpc va quan ly xa hdi (63%). Ty le nhung ngudi quan tam den van dl nay chiem ty le thap nha't d nhung ngudi lam viec trong linh vue nghien ciiu khoa hpc xa hdi (56.5%). Theo nhdm tudi: • •,: > j - Gang nhilu tudi, tri thiic cang nhan thay rd tam quan trong ciia hiing thii nghl nghiep vdi tu each la ddng luc thiie day ho tieh cue lam viec: dudi 30 tudi la 54.9%; 30 - 49 tudi la 55.2%; tren 49 tuoi la 60.9%. Mdc tu6i cho thay rd su thay ddi trong each nhin nhan nay la tren 49 tudi. - Ngupe lai, cang nhilu tudi ho cang danh gia thap vai trd ciia hoat ddng nghe nhu mdt phuong tien kiem sdng: dudi 30 tudi chiem 54.9%; 30 - 39 tuoi 52 TAP CHI'TAM Ly HOC, Sd 10 (127), 10 - 2009
  3. chiem 54.3% ; 40 - 49 tuoi chiem 45.6% va tren 49 tudi chiem 41.7%. Mdc tudi cho thay rd sir thay ddi trong each nhin nhan nay la tren 40 tudi. - Dp tudi eiia tri thiie khdng phai la nhan to ed tae ddng rd ret den each nhin nhan boat ddng nghl nghiep nhu la phuong tien thi hien nang lue va y tudng ciia ngudi tri thiic. Cu thi la: dudi 30 tudi 65.3%; 30 - 39 tudi - 62.6%; 40 - 49 tudi - 62.6%; tren 49 tudi - 66.1%. Nhu vay, nhung ddng luc mang y nghia tinh than dupe xep d vi tri cao ban nhiing ddng luc mang y nghia vl mat vat cha't, trong dd, bring thii nghl nghiep chiem vi tri kha quan trpng. Ben canh dd, ket qua nghien ciiu ciing khang dinh viec nhin nhan vi tfi ciia hung thii nghl nghiep trong mdi tuong quan giiia eae ddng lue thiic day ca nhan boat ddng ed su khac biet giira cac nhdm tudi va nhdm nghl nghiep. 2. Thuc trang hiing thii nghe nghiep cua tri thiic Ben canh viee xae dinh tam quan trpng eiia hiing thii nghl nghiep trong he thdng ddng co thiic day ca nhan hoan thanh nhiem vu thi van dl thue trang hiing thii nghl nghiep ciia tri thiic da dupe dat ra trong nghien ciiu nay. Ket qua nghien cii'u da chi ra rang, ehi khoang hon mdt niia sd ngudi dupe khao sat cho rang hp thue su ed hung thii vdi cdng viee (57,4%), 37,2% sd ngudi cam thay khdng chac ehan lam va 5,4% sd ngudi khdng thue su hiing thii vdi cdng viec. Nhu vay, tuy sd ngudi hoan toan khdng hirng thii vdi nghl khdng dang kl, nhung so ngudi hiing thu, say me vdi nghl ciing khdng phai la nhilu. So sanh mii'c dp hiing thii dd'i vdi cdng viec ciia cac nhdm tri thiie duac phan ra theo cac tieu ehi khac nhau cung dat ra nhiing eau hdi dang quan tam. Ket qua nghien cii'u cho thay, khdng ed su khac biet dang kl vl hung thii nghl nghiep d nam va nu'. Tuy nhien. Hub vue ehuyen mdn, hpc ham, hpc vi, ngach cdng chuc. nhdm tudi va tham nien cdng tac cua tri thii'c ed mdi tuong quan mat thiei vdi hiing thii nghl nghiep cua hp. Cu thi la: Theo tieu chi ITnh vifc nghe nghiep: Muc dp hung thii vdi nghl cua tri thii'c thupc linh vuc nghl nghiep khac nhau la khac nhau. Cd thi thay rd dilu nay qua bilu dd 1: Nhu'ng ngudi lam viee trong linh vue van boa nghe thuat ed miic dp hiing thii nghl nghiep cao nhat (62.4%). Ngupe lai, nhung ngudi lam viec trong linh vue quan ly xa hdi cd mii'c dp hiing thii nghl nghiep thap ban so vdi nhdm nganh nghl khac (44.2%), ddng thdi sd ngudi khdng hii'ng thii nghl nghiep thupc nganh nghl nay cung chiem ty le cao nhat (9.1%). Nguyen nhan nao dan den nhiing khac biet trong hiing thii ddi vdi cdng viec ciia tri thiie ?, nhat la dd'i vdi tri thiie trong linh vue quan ly xa hdi va nghien ciiii khoa hpc xa hdi ? D6 la van 66 can dupe giai dap. TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd 10(127), 10-2009 53
  4. Gvien Ung dung Van hoa QLXH NCKHXH NCKHTN DHi^mgthu • Khong hCmg thu Bieu dd 1: Muc dp hirng thu nghe nghiep ciia Jri thicc Theo hpc vi: ket qua nghien cuu cho thay, hiing thii trong cdng viec dupe tang theo hoc vi dat dupe. Cu thi la nhu'ng ngudi ed hpc vi tien si ed miic dp hiing thii nghl nghiep cao ban nhung ngudi cd trinh dp dai hpc (71.6% va 55.1%, p < 0,001). Sd ngudi khdng hung thii vdi nghl nghiep d bac dai hpc chiem 7.1%, trong khi dd d bac tien si chi khoang 2.1%. Ddng thdi, nhirng ngudi edn dang phan van khdng thi danh gia dupe mu'c dp hii'ng thii vdi cdng viec d nhdm dai hpc cao ban nhdm tien si (37.8% va 26.2%, p < 0.001). Theo nggch cdng chuc: miie dp hiing thii dd'i vdi cdng viec ciing thay ddi theo ma ngach cdng chiie. Nhung ngudi ed ma ngach cdng chiic la ehuyen vien hoac tuong duang ed ty le sd ngudi hiing thii vdi nghl nghiep thap ban ehuyen vien chinh hoac tuong duang (53.0% va 64.6%, p < 0.001). Theo nhdm tudi: Nhdm tri thiie tir 30-39 tudi cd miic dp hiing thii nghe nghiep thap nhat. Cu thi la: ty le nay d nhdm tri thiic dudi 30 tudi la 56.9%, 30 - 39 tudi: 50.0%, 40 - 49 tudi: 59.0% va tren 50 tudi - 65.3%. Nhu vay, cang nhilu tudi, cang nhilu kinh nghiem sdng ciing nhu kinh nghiem cdng tac, kinh nghiem ehuyen mdn, tri thiic cang danh gia cao vai tro eiia hiing thii nghl nghiep trong boat ddng nghl nghiep eiia minh, song ed the thay khdng that nhilu tri thiic hiing thii ddi vdi linh vue ehuyen mdn ciia minh. Day la mdt ehi bao can quan tam neu nhiing ngudi cd trach nhiem mudn nang cao hieu qua lam viee ciia tri thii'c. 3.'M6i tuang quan giiia hiing thii nghe nghiep va su gan bo vdi nghe cua tri thuc hien nay Xem xet sir gan bd vdi nghl nghiep ciia tri thuc, ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay, phan ddng tri thiic xae dinh gan bd lau dai vdi cdng viec (70.9%). Tuy nhien, ciing chiem ty le khdng nhd (khoang 29.1%) tri thiie hien nay edn dang 54 TAP CHI'TAM Ly HOC, Sd 10 (127), 10 - 2009
  5. ban khoan vl nghl nghiep cua minh va mudn ehuyin ddi cdng viec. Trong sd nhung ngudi mudn lira ehpn lai nghl thi chiem ty le cao nhat thudc vl nhdm tri thiic dang lam cong tae quan ly xa hdi, ke den la nhung ngudi lam nghien ciiu khoa hpc xa hdi. Nhirng ngudi lam cdng tac van hda nghe thuat va giang day dai hpc chiem ty le thap ban. Su khac biet nay la cd y nghia vl mat thdng ke (p < 0.001) (xem bilu dd 2). NCVKHXH NCVKHTN Giang vien Lfng dung Van hoa Quan ly xa nghe thuat hoi Bieu dd 2: Ty le tri tluic nmdn lua ehpn Igi nghe so sdnh theo tieu chi nghe nghiep Tim hilu nguyen nhan mudn lira ehpn lai nghl, ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay, nhu'ng nguyen nhan ehii yeu khien tri thiic mudn ehpn lai nghl la: thu nhap khdng dam bao cupc sdng, cdng viec khdng thi hien dupe hei nang lue eiia ban than, cdng viec budn te, dilu kien vat chat va cdng tac quan ly nhan sir, mdi trudng lam viee khdng thuan Ipi cho su phat triln, mdi trudng lam viee khdng cho phep thi hien dupe y tudng. Cac nguyen nhan dd dupe xep theo thii tu uu tien va dupe thi hien d bang 2. Trong dd, nhiing nguyen nhan lien quan den thu nhap, den mdi trudng lam viee khdng thuan Ipi la nhiing mdi quan tam dau tien. Bdng 2: Ly do mudn lua ehpn Igi nghe Cac ly do Ty le % ThiJ bac Nghl hien nay thu nhap khong dam bao cupc sdng 58.0 1 Moi trudng lam viec (dilu kien vat chai va cong tac quan ly 28.9 2 nhan su) khong thuan Ipi de phat trien Nghe hien nay khong the hien hit nang lire cua ban than 25.6 3 Moi trudng lam viec khong cho phep the hien dupe y tudng 18.0 4 CLia ban than Cam thay budn te vdi cong viec hien tai 14.8 5 Cac ly do khac 6.6 6 TAP CHI T M Ly HOC, Sd 10 (127), 10 - 2009 A 55
  6. Ben canh dd, hiing thii nghl nghiep cd anh hudng dang ke den su gdn bd vdi nghl nghiep cua tri thiic. Kiem dinh mdi tuang quan giira hung thii nghe nghiep va su gan bd vdi nghl nghiep cua tri thiie, ket qua nghien cuu cho thay: nhdm ngudi cd hiing thu nghl nghiep cang cao thi cang gan bd vdi nghl nghiep, nguac lai nhirng ngudi cd bring thii nghl nghiep cang thap thi cang it gan bd'vdi nghl (p
  7. vai nghe. Day la lire lupng dl di chuyin nghl nghiep. Hay ndi each khac chay mau chat xam ciing thudng xay ra a nhung ddi tupng nay. Hiing thii nghl nghiep cd mdi tuong quan kha mat thiei vdi sir gan bd vdi boat dpng nghl cua tri thiie hien nay. Vi vay, viee nang cao hiing thii nghl nghiep cho tri thiie bang cac bien phap: tao dilu kien cho tri thiic dupe the hien nang lue va kha nang cua ban than, tao mdi trudng lam viec than thien va khdng quen quan tam den ddi sdng vat chat ciia ngudi tri thiic la nhiing bien phap quan trpng giirp tri thiie gdn bd vdi boat ddng nghl. Tai lieu tham khao 1. Pham Minh Hac (chu bien, 1996), Van de con ngudi trong su nghiep cdng nghiep hod, hien dgi hod dat nude, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia. Ha Npi. 2. Pham Minh Hac (2001), Nghien cim con ngudi vd ngudn nhdn luc di vao cdng nghiep hod, hien dgi hod, NXB Chinh tri Quo'c gia. Ha Npi. 3. Le Huong (2003), Tinh tich cue nghe nghiep ciia cdng chiic mot sd nhdn td dnh hudng, NXB Khoa hpc Xa hpi. Ha Npi. 4. Orison Marden (2005), Bdn ve thdnh cong, NXB Van hoa Thong tin. Ha Npi. 5. La Thu Thuy (2005), "Chay mau chai xam trong dpi ngu tri thiic- nhung nguyen nhan tam ly", Tgp chi Tdm ly hpc (sd 3). 6. Tap sd lieu khao sat ciia de tai cap nha nude 'Nhdn each van hod tri tluic Viet Nam trong tie'n trinh ddi mdi vd hpi nhap quoc te' do PGS.TS Le Thi Thanh Huong lam chu nhiem, Vien Tam ly hpc chii tri. TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd 10 (127). 10 - 2009 57
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