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- Báo cáo: Developing an Agricultural Research and Development Priority Framework for Vietnam (October 2006)
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- Developing an Agricultural Research
and Development Priority
Framework
for Vietnam
Workshop
Crops Sub-Sector
WORKBOOK
October 2006
- 2
WORKSHOP TIMETABLE
Date and Time
Registration
Workshop opening, briefing, introductions
Strategic context and methodology for setting R
& D Priorities in Vietnam
Data and Evaluation Sheets – Summary of Data
Sheets and Use of Evaluation Sheets
General Discussion
Working Group Formation and Discussions
Assessing potential benefits
Assessing adoption likelihood
Assessing scientific potential
Assessing research capacity
Results and interpretation of priorities
Priorities within ARDOs
Wrap-up session
Close
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES
Assess the national priorities for crop research and development in
Vietnam
Develop a plan for developing priorities and implementation strategies
for each of the ARDOs following the national workshops
WORKING IN GROUPS
All participants will be seated in mixed pre-selected groups. The majority of work will
be in these groups. The composition of groups will be changed as needed throughout
the workshop.
There are some basic “rules” for working effectively in workshop groups:
recognise that each person’s opinion is valid
take responsibility
for contributing
for understanding
2:1 rule
criticise but after positive feedback
listen actively
use ‘and’ instead of ‘but’
express yourself concisely
keep to time
turn off mobile phones – use only during coffee and lunch breaks
For each workshop session:
make sure people are allotted the task of taking notes
watch the time
Discomfort zone: issues may arise during the workshop that either cannot be resolved
quickly or are not appropriate for the workshop. These issues should be recorded in the
“discomfort zone”.
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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EXPECTATIONS OF WORKSHOP/PARTICIPANT
INTRODUCTION
[Purpose is to ensure participants know who is there, where they come from, what
skills are represented, and consolidate expectations of the workshop]
Group discussion
Each participant
Who am I – name, affiliation, responsibility, interest/experience
What I want to happen at this workshop
What I don’t want to happen at this workshop
[2 minutes per person]
Tables
Pool expectations
Decide on 3 cards per table for each of wants and don’t wants
Report back One person from each table to provide brief pen picture of the table
(2 min per table)
Facilitator collect, group, paste cards
[Reporting to be on CARDS to enable visualisation of the output of each session and
typing of each session’s work for distribution to participants]
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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OTES:
STRATEGIC CONTEXT FOR CROP R&D IN VIETNAM
[Purpose is to develop a common understanding of the main issues facing the crop
sub-sectors in Vietnam to provide the context for priority setting]
Table Discussion
What are the major issues external (national and international) to this sectors
that have important implications for their future
What are the major issues internal to this sectors that have important
implications for their future
Identify the issues and implications, recording issue and implication on different
coloured cards
Half tables consider external issues and half tables consider internal issues
NOTES
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES METHODOLOGY
OUTLINE OF THE PRIORITY SETTING METHODOLOGY1
INTRODUCTION
The primary objective behind Research & Development (R&D2) priority assessment is to
determine the broad research programmes that will provide Vietnam with the greatest
return on investment in R & D provided by government and other major stakeholders.
Priority setting is the central issue of research and extension management. It is a complex
task. It must be done in a systematic framework able to allow the results to support open
and robust decision-making about research and extension resource allocation and
management. The highest priority R & D is that which has the highest economic, social
and environmental value to the nation.
Choices must be made about the Areas of Research and Development Opportunity
(ARDO) to support, and which not to support. If there are no established priorities, then
the choices made will be unlikely to produce results of maximum benefit to Vietnam. At
worst, the results will be irrelevant and provide no return for the public investment
involved.
Figure 1: Use of Priorities to Assist in Selection of Research Programs/Projects
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FEASIBILITY
1
CSIRO Australia has applied the basic model described here at corporate and division levels and it has been used in
more than 60 other research organisations in Asia, Australia and New Zealand, USA and Europe. The conceptual
analytic framework is based on the one published by the Industrial Research Institute, New York in 1986, viz: R N
Foster, L H Linden, R L Whiteley and A M Kantrow, Improving the return on R&D-I, in 'Measuring and Improving the
Performance and Return on R&D', IRI, New York (originally published in Research Management, January 1985).
2
Development includes technology development and transfer using transfer mechanisms including extension
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
- 7
In the past the research and development program is driven by MARD staff using an
allocative process. The Minister and Vice Minister of MARD have signalled that in the
future MARD will fund research under an open and contestable process without bias.
The aim is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of investment into research and to
develop a research environment that encourages a high degree of innovation. Under this
process MARD will clarify the priorities for research investment and define the broad
outcomes expected that investment. The research providers will submit research
proposals and budgets that will contribute to achievement of these outcomes. In a
“perfect world” those projects that offer the best value for money will be supported.
There is a range of methodologies available for R & D priority setting. Selection of the
most appropriate methodology for Vietnam is driven by:
1. The need to use a consultation process that involves a large number and diverse
range of stakeholders;
2. The need to develop ownership of priorities amongst MARD and research
institute staff, farmers, exporters, processors, exporters and marketers.
3. The absence of detailed and reliable statistical data on production, profitability,
and markets;
4. The need to move from R & D focussed on production and subsistence/food
security to R & D emphasising profitability, quality, marketing and commercial
systems;
5. The need to use an objective process that evaluates the likely economic, social and
environmental benefits to Vietnam;
6. The capacity to undertake appropriate research.
An important principle is to implement the process and learn from experience, doing
what make sense rather than worrying about academic perfection.
THE METHODOLOGY
Specific principles about priority setting include:
Consider areas that are easily related to the benefits from research (the purpose
of the research) not research disciplines – often called Areas of Research and
Development Opportunity (ARDO)
These areas should be mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive,
consistently based, forward looking and manageable in number
Linked to and consistent with the research financing the process
Criteria are independent
The criteria used should consider:
o The potential economic, environmental, social, institutional and
scientific benefits from successful R&D
o The context within which R&D products and services will be used
o The state of development of required research tools and techniques
and the health of appropriate disciplines
o The availability of research skills and infrastructure
Importantly, priorities are relative; the lower the priority of an area the
greater the selectivity in choosing projects within them, as illustrated in
Figure 1.
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
- 8
The model recommended for use in Vietnam is a five-step process.
1. Define broad Areas of Research and Development Opportunities (ARDOs) at he sub-
sector level
2. Prioritise ARDOs at the sub-sector level
3. From the results of the sub-sector prioritisation establish ARDOs at the sector level
(these may combine some of the sub-sector level ARDOs into a larger grouping.
4. Prioritise ARDOs at the Sector level
5. Prepare workshop reports and a National R&D Investment Portfolio and Policy
Statement
Members of the Monitoring and Evaluation Network have benefited from training in the
priority setting methodology and have facilitated a pilot work designed to develop
competence in the methodology and in workshop leadership and facilitation.
It may also be useful at the sub-sector level to identify the research strategies (inputs)
such as biotechnology, nutrition, pest and disease management etc that are likely to
provide the largest gains in high priority ARDOs.
ARDO Definitions
The final form of ARDOs will need to be decided and approved. A logical approach is to
develop ARDOs at the sub-sector (Crops, Livestock, Forestry, Fisheries etc) level first
and use the methodology to prioritise them. From the results of these workshops a sector
set of ARDOs could be prepared. This will involve debate and in some cases
compromise. At the Sub-sector and sector level it is desirable to have less than 15
ARDOs as larger numbers become unmanageable. Large high priority ARDOs within a
sub-sector may become a sector ARDO, but smaller and lower priority ARDOs may be
aggregated. For example sheep and goats may be aggregated into small ruminants or
maybe beef, dairy, sheep and goats into ruminants.
ARDO need to be defined in terms of goal, scope and coverage. The goal describes the
results expected from all the research in the ARDO - e.g. for fruit “Improved yield,
quality, safety and potential to access high value markets”. Scope defines the broad
research input areas (disciplines) and Coverage the species or scale of production.
As an example the “Pilot Workshop” developed some definitions – e.g.
Pigs National Goal: Enhanced productivity and profitability of the pork
industry
Scope: research that enhances the breeding, husbandry, nutrition,
disease management, production systems, hygiene, waste management,
quality management, transport, marketing and system integration
Coverage: small to medium-scale piggeries
Ruminants National Goal : Enhanced productivity and profitability of the
ruminant meat and milk industries
Scope: research that enhances the breeding, husbandry, nutrition,
disease management, hygiene, waste management, quality
management, transport, and marketing of meat and milk
Coverage: beef, dairy cattle, goats and sheep
Industrial National Goal : Enhanced productivity, production area planning and
crops profitability of industrial crop industries
Scope: research that enhances the yield, pest and disease management,
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
- 9
quality, post harvest storage and handling, processing, marketing of
existing and new crops, sustainable use of natural resources
Coverage: rubber, pepper, coffee, sugar cane, tea, coconut, cashew and
oilseed crops
Aquaculture National Goal: : Enhanced restocking of natural resources,
productivity and profitability of aquaculture industries
Scope: research that enhances seed production, nutrition, husbandry,
disease and aquatic resources management and environmental
management
Coverage: land-base and marine species - crustaceans (shrimp, crab,
lobster), finfish (grouper, tilapia, carp, snapper, bass, milk fish, mullet),
molluscs (clam, oyster, shell, pearls), seaweed and plankton
ARDO Priorities
The model used to form R & D priorities is a relatively simple. It asks participants to
evaluate the overall merit of R & D investment in each ARDO, in terms of Attractiveness
to Vietnam and its Feasibility in Vietnam. A scoring scheme is used to compare and
rank the ARDOs. Scoring is an effective way to allow a group to take all factors critical
to the decision into account in a logical and open way. The relative scores for each
ARDO are developed in structured group discussions in terms of four independent
criteria. These are:
1. Market & Production Potential Benefits for Vietnam
2. Factors Working For & Against Achievement of Potentials
3. Potential Contribution of R & D to Development
4. R &D Capacity Within Vietnam
The relationship between these four criteria is shown in the assessment framework below.
The relative rankings and positions of the ARDOs are important. They indicate the best
“areas” for research and/or extension investment. When the priority-setting group
represents researchers, extension workers and academics, farmers, politicians agricultural
industry and other stakeholders, the methodology ensures that the best recommendations
possible at the time are made.
An example of the outcome of the priority setting process
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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Figure 1. Plot of attractiveness versus feasibility for a hypothetical set of eight ARDOs
showing their priority rating on the basis of their return to Vietnam.
RETURN FROM R&D FOR EACH AREA OF RESEARCH OPPORTUNITY
100
90 8
1
80
70
3
60
5
Attractiveness 50
40 6
7
30
4
20
10 2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Feasibility
In Figure 1, two ARDOs (# 1 and # 8) score the highest for both attractiveness and feasibility.
They are located in the top right hand corner of the graph. They warrant strong research and
extension emphasis, and are the highest priority group of ARDOs. Those located more towards
the centre of the graph (# 3, # 5, # 6 and # 7) warrant selective research and extension emphasis
and can be classed as moderate priority. The two with low scores for both attractiveness and
feasibility (# 2 and # 4) justify only limited support and have a low priority.
ARDOs # 3 and # 5 have similar attractiveness scores, but ARDO # 5 scores higher on
feasibility. In this hypothetical example the lower feasibility score for ARDO # 3 occurs
because the skills available to carry out the research and or extension are considered to be
inadequate. When the necessary skills are acquired, the two ARDOs would otherwise be equal
claimants for research resources. Attractiveness is determined by factors other than research
and extension, such as markets, profits, employment, social and cultural benefits, so while
ARDOs # 5 and # 7 have similar feasibility scores, # 5 is more attractive, and could be allocated
more resources for research and extension.
Priority Products within ARDOs
The ARDO scope lists all of the commodities/products within each ARDO. At the sub-
sector level workshops it may be useful to use a simple process to rank these based on
the views and perceptions of workshop participants. At the end of this process, high
priority crops within high priority ARDOs will be defined. This will provide guidance
on where to focus the research effort (i.e. the scope) should be but will not provide
guidance on what aspects of research (the nature) should be undertaken.
Research Strategies
Once high priority crops within high priority ARDOs have been determined it is useful to
assess what areas of R & D inputs should be emphasised. The question to ask is, what R
& D inputs (R & D disciplines) are likely to provide the greatest impact. Impact is
normally a function of the size of the response expected, the length of time it takes to
obtain that response and if the response is permanent. For example traditional plant
breeding normally produces relatively small responses, they usually take a long time to
achieve, but any gains made are permanent (or almost so). On the other hand fertiliser
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
- 11
applications often provide large benefits, in a short space of time, but usually are non-
permanent (i.e. fertiliser applications often have to be applied each growing cycle).
The priority setting process can also be used to establish the key research strategies within
each ARDO. In the absence of detailed data on each of the high priority products within
high priority ARDOs, a matrix of broad research strategies is a useful approach. An
example is:
Area of Research Input or Includes
Strategy
6. Cultivar Evaluation Recommendations for improved crops in Vietnamese environments and for
different markets. Includes breeding, selection and evaluation of crops yield
and quality in different ago-ecological environments and for
resistance/tolerance to pest and diseases.
2. Genetic Improvement New and improved genotypes. Includes traditional breed improvement
(selection) and development of new genotypes, breeding fro improved
resistance, tolerance to pest and diseases
3. Agronomic Improvement Improved plant husbandry techniques to increase yields and quality and
includes propagation, establishment, weeding, pruning, shade, cultivation, crop
loading
4. Crop Nutrition Improved yield, quality and profitability through efficient and effective fertiliser
use and water management practices. Includes suitable soils, fertiliser
requirements, fertiliser types, organic fertilisers, irrigation and mulching
5. Pest & Disease Management Development of improved integrated pest management practices and biological
control of economically important weeds, pests and diseases. Includes
chemical, physical, biological, integrated pest management, pest surveillance
6. Harvest/Post Harvest Improved harvest and post-harvest techniques to maximise the quality and
Management value of crops. Includes harvesting, drying, handling, storage, transport, quality
management
7. Processing Adding Value Adding value to primary product or produce through processing it to a more
viable product or improving on the characteristic or performance of the original
product. Includes development of quality standards, sorting/grading,
processing, new product development, use of by-products
8. Market Facilitation Improved understanding and translation of market requirements for commercial
and semi-commercial farmers. Includes market information and requirements,
market access and pathways, linkages with exporters/processors, procurement
systems
9. Economic Evaluation Development and advice on options for profitable farm production, processing
and marketing. Includes gross margin analysis, profitability, financial impact,
benefit : cost analysis
10. Alternative Production Development and testing of profitable new crop production systems. Includes
Systems organic production systems and multi-tiered crop production systems such as
agro-forestry.
11. Technology Transfer To improve on technology transfer delivery systems and adoption of improved
technology by farmers through consultation, collaboration and understanding of
farmer needs. Includes seminars, field days, mass media, and alternative
extension delivery systems.
The priority setting methodology could be used to prioritise the research inputs for each
of the high priority crops/products identified. Prioritisation will be on the basis of two
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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criteria: - Potential Impact of R & D Inputs on Development and R & D Skills and
Knowledge within Vietnam.
The inter-relationship of these two criteria on the emphasis placed on R & D Inputs in
research programs is shown below.
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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AREAS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY
(ARDO)
A Preparation workshop identified ARDOs for the Crops Sub-sector.
The following areas selected comply with the principles that research areas to be
compared are mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive, consistently based, forward
looking, and manageable in number. It is important also that they are independent of
organisational structure, easily reflect the benefits from successful research and are not
discipline-based. The areas for comparison are essentially areas of research and
development opportunity (ARDO) from which benefits will arise. In summary the areas
are:
ARDO 1: RICE
ARDO 2: UPLAND CROPS
ARDO 3: LEGUMES
ARDO 4: INDUSTRIAL CROPS
ARDO 5: FRUIT
ARDO 6: VEGETABLES
ARDO 7: FLOWERS
ARDO 8: CROPS FOR ANIMAL FEED
ARDO 9: CROPS FOR NEW USES
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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PRIORITY ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
The purpose of Vietnam’s research and extension effort in agriculture, fisheries and
forestry is to maximise the return to Vietnam through income generation and
environmental and social benefits. It follows that priorities should be assessed in terms
of Potential Impact and Feasibility.
The framework developed by the M&EN design workshop is a modification of that
developed by CSIRO in Australia, as shown below.
PRIORITIES FRAMEWORK
Potential
benefits
Potential impact
Likelihood
of uptake
Max return to Vietnam
through income
generation, environmental
Scientific
& social benefits
potential
Feasibility
Research
capacity
The criteria are defined as follows:
Potential impact
Potential benefits
• maximum additional benefits for Vietnam (economic,
environmental, social) from successful research and development
Likelihood of uptake of results
• likelihood of the results of successful research and development
being utilized by Vietnam
Feasibility
Scientific potential
• scope for growth in knowledge in the relevant scientific fields and
improvements in research and development tools and techniques
Research capacity
• Vietnam’s ability to competitively assemble research and
extension teams to deliver research outputs to users
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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PRE-WORKSHOP ASSESSMENT OF ARDOs
[Purpose is to undertake a preliminary assessment of the relative priority of ARDOs
against Potential Impact and Feasibility criteria to enhance the level of discussion
during the workshop]
1) Read Data Sheets for all ARDOs
Carefully read all the Data Sheets (attached as a separate document) to
obtain an overview of all nine ARDOs
Make brief notes in the margins of the things from your own views and
experience you think are important for the on-going R&D program for each
ARDO.
2) Prepare individual preliminary ARDO Scores
i) Refer to the SWOT analysis for each ARDO
Instructions for preliminary scoring
ii)
Participants should score each ARDO before coming to the workshop and make
note of their reasoning to support their arguments in discussion. Space is provided
in the workbook against each ARDO.
Step 1 - For each criteria in turn, read the evaluation sheet for each of
the ARDOs, starting with Potential Benefits (refer to page 16 of this
workbook)
Step 2 – Now, select the three highest ARDOs and then the three lowest.
Step 3 – Now, score the HIGHEST ARDOs from 8 to 10, the highest
receiving 10. Then score the LOWEST ARDOs from 1 to 3, the lowest
receiving a score of 1. Finally, score the MEDIUM ARDO’s from 4 to 7.
The aim of the evaluation is to examine the relative differences between
ARDOs, so a wide spread of scores is desirable. A low score does not
mean that an area is unimportant.
Step 4 – repeat the process for the next three criteria (See pages
Step 5 – Having recorded your scores and reasoning in the Workbook for
the four criteria, transfer your scores to the consolidated score sheet and
bring it with you to the workshop. All scores will be tabulated and made
available at the workshop.
The purpose behind this procedure is to achieve as much discrimination between the
ARDOs as possible. We are interested in exploring the relative differences between
ARDOs. It is important to remember that priorities are RELATIVE. A low score does
not mean that an area is unimportant per se. However, when resources are limited,
decisions need to be made about where to focus the effort to achieve the greatest impact
for Vietnam.
NOTES:
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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ASSESSING POTENTIAL BENEFITS
[Purpose is to provide an assessment of the relative Potential Benefits from each of
the ARDOs]
Potential Benefits refect maximum additional benefits for Vietnam (economic,
environmental, social) from successful research and development
Potential benefits increaseThe larger the size
– The faster the growth
– The greater the reduction in costs
– The higher the research intensity
– The greater the positive environmental and social impact
– The greater the spillover benefits
Procedure:
Table groups
Discuss potential benefits arising from each ARDO using preliminary scoring to
initiate discussion
Record on cards the major points that arise during discussion of each ARDO –
especially new and corrected information – different people at the table take
responsibility for different ARDOs
Report and post issues
Each participant to re-score each ARDO
Scores collected
NOTES
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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POTENTIAL BENEFITS - PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT AND SCORING
Please complete your preliminary evaluation before coming to the Workshop
ARDO Score Arguments and Questions
1-10 Reasons supporting your score; issues arising from data
and evaluation sheets
1:RICE
2:UPLAND CROPS
3: LEGUMES
4: INDUSTRIAL
CROPS
5: FRUIT
6: VEGETABLES
7: FLOWERS
8: CROPS FOR
ANIMAL FEED
9: CROPS FOR NEW
USES
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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ARDO 1: RICE
1. ARDO DEFINITION
1.1 National Goal
Increase yield, and quality of rice to ensure national food security, competitiveness in
export markets, reduce the cost of production and maintain exports at 4-5 millions
ton/year.
1.2 R&D Scope
Research into genetic improvement and development of agronomic techniques (GAP,
ICM, IPM) improving quality standards and food safety and further develop harvest and
post-harvest management including storage and processing and development new and
improved products to meet identified market needs.
1.3 Coverage:
Improved varieties
F1 hybrid varieties
Locally purified varieties
Varieties with high yield good quality and possess aromatic character (Aroma
varieties).
For all varieties high yield, good grain quality (to meet exporting markets), suitable
for different ecological environments (intensive cultivation areas, adverse
condition areas such as salinity soils, acid-sulphate soils, floating areas, rain fed
lowland as well rain fed upland conditions etc.) through out country.
These varieties should be divided in to 4 mainly groups base on growth duration.
1. Very early maturity (< 90 days from seed to seed);
2. Early maturity (90-100 days);
3. Medium maturity (>100 - 125 days);
4. Late maturity and/or Mua group (for most photosensitive varieties, growth
duration relates to day length).
Production zone High priority Medium priority Low priority
Northern of country Very early, Early maturity: Locally uniform varieties Locally uniform
and highland zones - Improved varieties varieties
- F1 hybrid varieties
Red rive delta Very early, Early maturity: Medium maturity: Late maturity:
(RD) - Improved varieties - Locally uniform varieties
- F1 hybrid varieties - Aromatic varieties - Aromatic varieties
- Aromatic varieties
Very early, Early maturity: Medium maturity: Late maturity:
Central zones - Improved varieties
- F1 hybrid varieties - Aromatic varieties Locally uniform
- Aromatic varieties varieties
Central plateau Very early maturity: Medium maturity:
- Improved varieties - Aromatic varieties
- F1 hybrid varieties - Local uniform varieties
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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Mekong Delta Very early, Early maturity: Medium maturity: Late maturity:
(MD) - Improved varieties - F1 hybrid variety - Locally uniform
- Aromatic varieties - Improved varieties varieties
- F1 hybrid variety - Aromatic varieties - Aromatic varieties
-Uniform varieties - Locally uniform variety
2 ATTRACTIVENESS TO VIETNAM
2.1 Potential Impact
Further development of rice crop, including processing infrastructure will have large
impact on employment opportunities and poverty reduction in urban as well as rural
areas
Development of industry will support investment in other infrastructure areas such as
transport
Potential for large and better quality in export earnings and increase in agricultural
contribution to GDP
Further improvement in efficiency of production will increase competitiveness,
farmer, processor and exporter profitability
Product diversification and value adding is likely to significantly improve export
earnings
Investment in infrastructure will be supported by the ability of farmers to improve
production levels even more
Small increases in rice yield and quality will provide large benefits to Vietnam as a
nation, but relatively small benefits to individual rice growers, particularly where
family food security is achieved.
Focus on higher yielding varieties with high quality will assist in overcoming
pressures on tradition rice growing areas for diversification into other more
profitable enterprises (i.e. higher total yield off smaller total area)
A shift from a low quality exporter to a high quality exporter will assist in reaching
national goals and make small differences in individual farmer incomes
Development of varieties with higher protein yields likely to significantly improve
human nutrition.
Development of quality standards, certification and trademarks/brands will assist in
maintaining or expanding Vietnam’s position in export markets.
NOTES:
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
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ARDO 2: UPLAND CROPS
1. ARDO DEFINITION
1.1. National Goal:
To improve yield and quality and reduce cost of production. To contribute to meeting
livestock feed requirements and the development of processing technologies to diversify
the processed product base.
1.2. Research scope:
Research into genetic improvement, development of agronomic techniques (GAP, ICM
IPM), improving quality standards and food safety and further developing harvest and
post-harvest processing, storage and preservation and conservation techniques.
1.3. Coverage: Maize, sweet potatoes, cassava and potatoes
2. ATTRACTIVENESS TO VIETNAM
2.1. Potential Impact:
Vietnam in not self-sufficient in upland crops. Improved yields will result in import
substitution.
The rapidly growing demand for animal feed and the use of upland crops to meet this
need offers potential
Increased yields of between 20 -60 % are potentially possible.
Further development of processing will create employment opportunities and
broaden the product base.
Export of raw materials is unlikely, but further development of processing may lead
to increased exports of value added products
NOTES:
Crop Research and Development Priorities for Vietnam
nguon tai.lieu . vn
