A WORLD WIDE REVIEW OF THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL – A technological, economic and ecological investigation based on case studies

Stephan FRIEDRICH A WORLD WIDE REVIEW OF THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL – A technological, economic and ecological investigation based on case studies ____________________________________________________ BAND 41 Mag. Stephan FRIEDRICH A WORLD WIDE REVIEW OF THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL – A technological, economic and ecological investigation based on case studies SCHRIFTENREIHE UMWELTSCHUTZ UND RESSOURCENÖKONOMIE DES INSTITUTES FÜR TECHNOLOGIE UND NACHHALTIGES PRODUKTMANAGEMENT (ehemals Institut für Technologie und Warenwirtschaftslehre) DER WIRTSCHAFTSUNIVERSITÄT Herausgeber: o.Univ. Prof. Dr. Gerhard Vogel BAND 41 © by Mag. Stephan Friedrich, Wien 2004 Medieninhaber: Institut für Technologie und nachhaltiges Produktmanagement der Wirtschaftsuniversität A-1090 Wien, Augasse 2-6, Tel. + 43 1 31336/4806, Fax + 43 1 31336/706 http://itpn.wu-wien.ac.at Alle Rechte vorbehalten, auszugsweise Veröffentlichungen nur mit Genehmigung, Quellenangabe und gegen Belegexemplar FRIEDRICH Index of Contents INDEX OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1 2. BIODIESEL: BASIC FACTS........................................................................................3 2.1 Definition of Biodiesel...................................................................................................3 2.2 Demarcation ...................................................................................................................3 2.21 E-diesel...........................................................................................................................3 2.22 Fossil diesel....................................................................................................................3 2.23 Crude vegetable oil.........................................................................................................4 2.24 Ultra low sulphur diesel..................................................................................................4 2.25 Fischer-Tropsch diesel....................................................................................................5 2.3 Production process..........................................................................................................5 2.31 Transesterification..........................................................................................................5 2.32 Feedstock........................................................................................................................8 2.4 Uses ..............................................................................................................................12 2.5 Advantages of Biodiesel use ........................................................................................13 2.51 Supply security.............................................................................................................14 2.52 Environmental aspects..................................................................................................15 2.53 Economic aspects .........................................................................................................20 2.54 Agriculture....................................................................................................................27 2.55 Biodiesel fuel properties...............................................................................................27 2.56 Quality standards..........................................................................................................30 2.57 Engine warranties.........................................................................................................31 2.6 Concerns/ barriers.........................................................................................................31 2.61 Cold flow......................................................................................................................31 2.62 Fuel stability.................................................................................................................32 2.63 Fuel energy content ......................................................................................................32 2.64 Material compatibility..................................................................................................33 2.7 History..........................................................................................................................33 3. METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................................35 3.1 E-mail questionnaire.....................................................................................................35 3.11 Questionnaire design....................................................................................................36 3.12 Administration..............................................................................................................36 3.13 Survey analysis.............................................................................................................36 3.14 Survey response rate.....................................................................................................37 3.15 Target group .................................................................................................................37 3.2 Online database.............................................................................................................38 3.21 Questionnaire design....................................................................................................38 3.22 Administration..............................................................................................................39 3.23 Survey analysis.............................................................................................................40 3.24 Survey response rate.....................................................................................................40 3.25 Target group .................................................................................................................40 3.3 Webdirectory................................................................................................................41 I FRIEDRICH Index of Contents 4. COUNTRY REPORTS................................................................................................42 4.1 Asia & Australasia........................................................................................................42 4.11 Australia .......................................................................................................................42 4.12 People`s Republic of China (including Hong Kong)....................................................47 4.2 Europe...........................................................................................................................50 4.21 The European Union.....................................................................................................50 4.22 Austria ..........................................................................................................................61 4.23 Belgium ........................................................................................................................68 4.24 Czechia.........................................................................................................................71 4.25 France...........................................................................................................................75 4.26 Germany.......................................................................................................................82 4.27 Italy...............................................................................................................................92 4.28 Slovakia........................................................................................................................96 4.29 Switzerland.................................................................................................................101 4.210 UK... ...........................................................................................................................103 4.3 The Americas..............................................................................................................108 4.31 The USA.....................................................................................................................108 5. SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................119 5.1 Introduction / history..................................................................................................119 5.2 Framework / legislation..............................................................................................119 5.21 Supportive taxation measures.....................................................................................121 5.22 Stakeholders ...............................................................................................................122 5.3 Production / quality / marketing.................................................................................122 5.31 Plants ..........................................................................................................................122 5.32 Feedstock....................................................................................................................127 5.33 Quality standards / quality management ....................................................................129 5.34 Marketing strategy / distribution system....................................................................130 5.4 Summary / forecast.....................................................................................................131 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................136 6.1 Books / reports............................................................................................................136 6.2 Articles and folders.....................................................................................................138 6.3 Legislative texts..........................................................................................................138 6.4 Lectures and talks given at conferences and symposia..............................................139 6.5 Conversations held .....................................................................................................139 6.6 Other information sources..........................................................................................140 6.61 E-mails to the author ..................................................................................................140 6.62 Information from websites .........................................................................................142 7. APPENDIX ................................................................................................................144 7.1 Appendix I: .doc-version (Microsoft Word) of database questionnaire.....................144 7.2 Appendix II: e-mail questionnaire..............................................................................149 II ... - tailieumienphi.vn