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- International Journal of Management (IJM)
Volume 11, Issue 2, February 2020, pp. 181–190, Article ID: IJM_11_02_020
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijm/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=2
Journal Impact Factor (2020): 10.1471 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
A STUDY ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN
THE PARTICIPATION OF ACTIVITIES WITH
REFERENCE TO Y.S.R (KADAPA) DISTRICT,
ANDHRA PRADESH
K. Venkata Subbaiah
Research Scholar, Department of Economics, V.S.U. P.G. Centre, Kavali &Lecturer in
Economics, SKR & SKR Govt. College for Women(A), Kadapa, India
Dr. P. Srinivas
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, V.S.U. P.G. Centre, Kavali, India
ABSTRACT:
Women empowerment through micro financial facility is one of the best tools to
empower the rural people. Today majority of the state government’s focusing on
empowerment of women in the country. Microfinance program listed as a successful
program to distribute wealth in the country for poor women. This research paper
examines how economic, social, personal, decision making and political
empowerment of women effected by Bank linkage program. The data was gathered by
personal interviews and observations. To test the hypothesis one way ANOVA test had
conducted.
Key Words: Women, Empowerment, Micro Finance, SHG’s.
Cite this Article: K. Venkata Subbaiah and Dr. P. Srinivas, A Study on Women
Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa)
District, Andhra Pradesh, International Journal of Management (IJM), 11 (2), 2020,
pp. 181–190.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=2
1. INTRODUCTION
Today in India governments have been focusing on removal of poverty in rural areas by
introducing SBLP in their areas. The SGH programs broadly practicing for developments,
removal of poverty and women empowerments in their respective villages. Today SHGs have
been using for social development of women. The concept of this program is to increase self
reliance and providing good life in the society. It focuses on increase the voice of women and
building women organizations to overcome the bad evils in the society. Today these programs
have been using for increase leadership skills among women, to promote entrepreneurship and
to decision making capacity for their family and for the society.
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- K. Venkata Subbaiah and Dr. P. Srinivas
Bangladesh is the first nation who introduced SHG’s. This program had given good result
in their country to removal of poverty. NABARD Carried out an extensive research study in
India and their research had given great results in terms of saving patterns, repayment of loans
of women. The results encouraged the financial institutions like RBI, commercial banks for
developing the women. NABARD had taken initiation to link SHG with banks in the year
1991-992 thus microfinance program came into the country to develop the rural women.
The basic objective of Introducing SHG in India is to empower the women economically
and socially. Economic Empowerment means instill the habit of savings, to overcome small
financial crisis in their families and to take financial decisions to generate income, to spend
expenditure and to repayment of loans. Social empowerment means make them self-
confidence, improving the social status in the family and in the society, getting decision
making priorities from the family and from the society. Skills development, building capacity
to interacting with peoples and increasing educational qualifications etc. personal
empowerment means increasing confidence levels, freedom to move , freedom to speak
among family members, involvement in the societal programs, attending training programs
organized by government. Political empowerment means freedom to participate in elections,
voting decision, raising voices in gram sambas etc. in this regard this study is essential to
examine the women empowerment in select area of kadapa district.
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Tanmoyee banerjee (2012) made a study on SHGs. She conducted her study on 26 shg who
were self-employees. In her study she witnessed that their income level was increased after
joined in SHGs. In her study she identified that forming as group and conducting business
given empowerment and employment for them further she concluded in her study that training
is critical for them to increase their empowerment.
Vijaya laxmi, gowda, jamuna ray & suggen (2012) had a study on women
empowerment they concluded in their study that the women would be empowered when she
got training on both off the job and on the job, through follow up of mentors.
Basudeb Bhattacharya (2016) made a study on managing finance for rural poor He had
opinioned that subsidies which were available under the Scheme should be utilized to support
the growth of capacity building instead for consumption which has been largely neglected in
the SGSY program. Subsidies can also be used by SHGs to finance the formation of new
groups that can benefit from the program.
George k.v (2017) conducted a comparative research on SHG-bank linkage program and
financial inclusion in Chennai and Kerala states of India. He had suggested that the repayment
rates of loans to SHGs were high as compared with other types of lending by banks. It was
suggested that the banks should pay more attention to SHG lending which increases their
business and number of customers.
3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1) To observe Socio Economic Profile of the respondents in select SHG.
2) To examine the Social, Economical, Personal, Decision Making and Political
Development of SHG members in select SHG in Kadapa District.
3) To assess the significant differences between Age of the respondents and Socio,
Economic and Personal Development of the respondents.
4) To offer Suggestions for the Development of the Members.
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- A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa)
District, Andhra Pradesh
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
For conducting the research both primary and secondary data has used. The study is
descriptive and in nature. The sample size for the study is 200 SHG members. Random
sampling method has used to gather the data. The population for the study is select SHG’s in
Y.S.R (Kadapa) district. For conducting the survey 250 questionnaire had distributed among
these only 204 was received for data consistency taken 200 members who properly filled data.
The data was gathered by personal interviews and observations. To test the hypothesis one
way ANOVA test had conducted.
5. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The study is conducted only on female members in select SHG’s in YSR kadapa
district
The sample size for the study is only 200 hence it is not applicable to total district
The opinion of the respondents is completely their personal opinion
6. DATA ANALYSIS
Objective: 1 finding:
Table :-1 Age
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Percent
18-39 130 65.0 65.0 65.0
40-49 50 25.0 25.0 90.0
Valid
50 and above 20 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Age of the respondents: from the table one it has identified that 65% of the respondents
belongs to the age category of 18 to 39 category followed by 25% of the respondents belongs
to the age category of 40 to 49 categories and 10% of the respondents belongs to 50 and
above age category.
Table :2 Marital status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
1.00 164 82.0 82.0 82.0
2.00 30 15.0 15.0 97.0
Valid
3.00 6 3.0 3.0 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Marital status of the respondents: from the study it has observed that 82% of the
respondents were married 15% if the respondents were un married and only 3% of the
respondents were widows.
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- K. Venkata Subbaiah and Dr. P. Srinivas
Table-3 Community wise distribution of SHG Member
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
1.00 26 13.0 13.0 13.0
2.00 50 25.0 25.0 38.0
Valid 3.00 34 17.0 17.0 55.0
4.00 90 45.0 45.0 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Community wise distribution of SHG Member: From the table three it has identified
that 45% of the respondents belongs to OBC Category, followed by 25% percentage of the
respondents belongs SC Category. 17% of the respondents belong to ST category and general
category is 13%.
Table -4 : Occupation
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
1.00 74 37.0 37.0 37.0
2.00 48 24.0 24.0 61.0
3.00 22 11.0 11.0 72.0
Valid 4.00 18 9.0 9.0 81.0
5.00 18 9.0 9.0 90.0
6.00 20 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Occupation of SHG Member: from the table 4 it has evidenced that 37% of the
respondents are house wife’s, 24% of the respondents are working on agricultural followed by
non agricultural labor 11%, petty business 10%. 9 % of the respondents are self employees
and only 10% of the respondents are unemployed.
Table -5 Educational qualifications
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
1.00 6 3.0 3.0 3.0
2.00 40 20.0 20.0 23.0
3.00 90 45.0 45.0 68.0
Valid
4.00 50 25.0 25.0 93.0
5.00 14 7.0 7.0 100.0
Total 200 100.0 100.0
Educational qualifications of SHG: from the table five it recognized that majority
(45%) of the respondents had secondary education. 25% of the respondents had higher
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- A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa)
District, Andhra Pradesh
secondary education followed by 20% of the respondents had primary education, 7% of the
respondents were graduates and only 3% of the respondents were illiterates.
Objective Two findings:
Table -6: Economic development of the respondents
S.No Variables SA AG SWA DA SDA Ms SD %
SHG ‘s meeting their all economic
v1 81 62 57 0 0 4.12 0.82 78
needs after becoming SHG member
v2 Getting loans from SHG 118 57 25 0 0 4.46 0.70 86.62
Family members considering
v3 47 62 33 38 20 3.39 1.30 59.75
spending loan amount
Changes in savings after becoming
v4 63 60 29 38 10 3.64 1.24 66
SHG member
Having capacity to Repayment of
v5 59 58 10 41 32 3.35 1.48 59
loan in scheduled time
The table six shows the data on Economic development of the respondents It can be seen
from the table with regard to variable one 78% of the respondents accepted that SHG‘s
meeting their all economic needs after becoming SHG member. With regard to the variable
two 86.62% of the respondents accepted that they have been getting loans from SHG. With
regard to the variable family members considering spending loan amount 59.75% of the
respondents accepted the statement. With regard to the variable four 66% of the respondents
accepted that there is a change in savings after becoming SHG member. With regard to the
variable five 59% of the respondents accepted that they had the capacity to repayment of loan
in scheduled time.
Table -7: Social development of the respondents
S.No Variables SA AG SWA DA SDA Ms SD %
V6 Able to speak with public 64 111 15 5 5 4.12 0.84 78
V7 Increase my decision making skills 10 114 15 30 31 3.21 1.22 55.25
V8 Maintaining relationship with others 81 40 18 23 38 3.51 1.56 62.87
V9 I improved my communication 50 40 55 22 33 3.26 1.38 56.5
V10 No Discrimination in the society 56 50 15 39 40 3.21 1.52 55.37
The table seven shows the data on Economic development of the respondents It can be
seen that with regard to variable six 78% of the respondents accepted that they are able to
speak with public. With regard to the variable seven 55.25% of the respondents accepted that
their decision making skills they have been increasing. With regard to the variable eight
62.87% of members accepted that they have been Maintaining relationship with others
members. With regard to the variable nine 56.5% of the respondents accepted that they
improved their communication skills. With regard to the variable ten 55.37% of the
respondents accepted that there is No Discrimination in the society
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- K. Venkata Subbaiah and Dr. P. Srinivas
Table -8: Personal development
S.N S A SW D SD
Variables Ms SD %
o A G A A A
3.6 1.4 66.1
v11 increasing confidence levels 74 60 7 39 20
4 0 2
4.0 1.1
V12 freedom to move 96 60 20 12 12 77
8 6
freedom to speak among family 3.7 1.1 69.8
V13 53 96 20 19 12
members 9 1 7
3.6 1.2 66.1
V14 involvement in the societal programs 66 53 39 28 14
4 6 2
3.3 1.5 58.6
V15 Attending training programs 66 49 9 40 36
4 4 2
The table eight shows the data on Personal development of the respondents It can be seen
that with regard to variable eleven 66.12% of the respondents accepted that they have been
increasing confidence levels. With regard to the variable twelve 77% of the respondents
accepted that they have freedom to move. With regard to the variable thirteen 69.87% of
members accepted that they freedom to speak among family members. With regard to the
variable fourteen 66.12 % of the respondents accepted that they have been involving in the
societal programs. With regard to the variable fifteen 58.62% of the respondents accepted that
they Attending training programs.
Table -9: Decision making skills development
S. S A SW D SD M S
Variables %
No A G A A A s D
V1 Able to take decision on education of children’s 5 3. 1. 69.
96 20 19 12
6 after joined in SHG 3 79 11 87
V1 Able to take decision on economic matters after 8 3. 1. 62.
40 18 23 38
7 joined in SHG 1 51 56 87
V1 Able to take decision on daily activities after joined 9 4. 1.
60 20 12 12 77
8 in SHG 6 08 16
V1 Able to take decision on children’s marriage after 7 3. 1. 69.
59 34 20 15
9 joined in SHG 2 76 24 12
V2 Able to take decision on income generation 7 3. 1. 70.
74 11 29 14
0 activities after joined in SHG 2 80 26 12
The table Nine shows the data on Decision making skills development of the
respondents It can be seen that with regard to variable sixteen 69.87% of the respondents
accepted that they are able to take decision on education of children’s after joined in SHG.
With regard to the variable seventeen 62.87% of the respondents accepted that they are able to
take decision on economic matters after joined in SHG. With regard to the variable eighteen
77% of members accepted that they are able to take decisions on daily activities after joined
in SHG. With regard to the variable Nineteen 69.12 % of the respondents accepted that they
are Able to take decision on children’s marriage after joined in SHG. With regard to the
variable fifteen 70.12% of the respondents accepted that they are Able to take decision on
income generation activities after joined in SHG.
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- A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa)
District, Andhra Pradesh
Table -10: Political development
s.no Variables SA AG SWA DA SDA MS SD %
v21 vote on our own decision 47 54 30 35 34 3.22 1.42 55.62
v22 have membership in political party 96 42 26 14 22 3.88 1.36 72
v23 interest to contest in election 42 42 21 42 53 2.89 1.52 47.25
v24 Have awareness on grama sabha 42 66 21 42 29 3.25 1.38 56.25
v25 Used to attended in grama sabha 42 66 21 42 29 3.25 1.38 56.25
participated in decision making of
v26 46 64 18 42 30 3.27 1.40 56.75
grama sabha
The table Ten shows the data on Political development of the respondents It can be seen
that with regard to variable twenty one 55.62% of the respondents accepted that they cast their
vote on their own decision. With regard to the variable 22, 72% of the respondents accepted
that they have member ship in political party. With regard to the variable twenty three 47.25%
of members accepted that they had interest to contest in election. With regard to the variable
twenty four 56.25 % of the respondents accepted that they have awareness on grama sabha.
With regard to the variable twenty five 56.25% of the respondents accepted that they used to
attend in grama sabha. With regard to the variable twenty six 56.75% of the respondents
accepted that they have been participating in decision making of grama sabha.
Objective Three: hypothesis testing
Hypothesis H1: There is a significant difference between age of the respondents and
economic development
Table 6.1-ANOVA
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
VAR00001 Between Groups 15.691 2 7.845 13.110 .000
Within Groups 117.889 197 .598
Total 133.580 199
VAR00002 Between Groups 15.858 2 7.929 18.618 .000
Within Groups 83.897 197 .426
Total 99.755 199
VAR00003 Between Groups 18.889 2 9.445 6.205 .002
Within Groups 299.831 197 1.522
Total 318.720 199
VAR00004 Between Groups 21.042 2 10.521 7.221 .001
Within Groups 287.038 197 1.457
Total 308.080 199
VAR0005 Between Groups 73.575 2 36.787 19.898 .000
Within Groups 364.220 197 1.849
Total 437.795 199
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- K. Venkata Subbaiah and Dr. P. Srinivas
From the observations it is evidenced from the table 6.1 that there is a significant difference
between the age of the respondents and their economic development of the respondents. All
the five variables significantly strong with the above statement hence we accept hypothesis
one statement.
Hypothesis H2: There is a significant difference between age of the respondents and social
development
Table-7.1 ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 12.169 2 6.085 9.296 .000
VAR000v6 Within Groups 128.951 197 .655
Total 141.120 199
Between Groups .172 2 .086 .057 .944
VAR000v7 Within Groups 294.703 197 1.496
Total 294.875 199
Between Groups 40.017 2 20.009 8.687 .000
VAR000v8 Within Groups 453.738 197 2.303
Total 493.755 199
Between Groups 31.553 2 15.777 8.907 .000
VAR000v9 Within Groups 348.927 197 1.771
Total 380.480 199
Between Groups 105.563 2 52.781 29.176 .000
VAR000v10 Within Groups 356.392 197 1.809
Total 461.955 199
From the observations it has evidenced from the table 7.1 that there is a significant
difference between the age of the respondents and their social development. All the variables
are significant with age of the respondents except variable seven hence we accept hypothesis
two statement.
Hypothesis H3: There is a significant difference between age of the respondents and
personal development
Table 8.1-ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 58.507 2 29.253 17.657 .000
VAR00011 Within Groups 326.373 197 1.657
Total 384.880 199
Between Groups 16.643 2 8.322 6.452 .002
VAR00012 Within Groups 254.077 197 1.290
Total 270.720 199
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- A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa)
District, Andhra Pradesh
Between Groups 5.846 2 2.923 2.372 .096
VAR00013 Within Groups 242.749 197 1.232
Total 248.595 199
Between Groups 14.267 2 7.134 4.630 .011
VAR00014 Within Groups 303.528 197 1.541
Total 317.795 199
Between Groups 2.833 2 1.416 .593 .554
VAR00015 Within Groups 470.362 197 2.388
Total 473.195 199
One way ANOVA
From the observations it is evidenced from the table 8.1 that only three variables
(v11,v12, v14) are significant with age of the respondents remaining two variables (v13,v15)
not significant with age of the respondents hence; they above said hypothesis somewhat
accepted.
7. SUGGESTIONS OF THE STUDY
After observing the data it is suggested that family members should co- operate with the
respondents and they should give guidance to take decisions. Majority of the members taking
loans but their repayment capacity should be increase hence members of the Ngo , rural
development officers and banking institution should train them on income generating
activities. Further it has suggested that Decision making skills of the members should
increased, majority of the members unable to express their ideas in front of family members
and with official proper training should be given on communication skills and women
discrimination in the society has been reducing buy conducting social programs we can
remove caste discriminations. Further it is suggesting that political development of the
members should be enhanced hence local political parties should motivate women’s to
participate in election by giving chances to compete in elections.
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